Rivers in glens and straths
- Braided and wandering gravel bed rivers:
There are a great many of these wide gravel bed rivers in upland Scotland, with many reaches of the river form gravel islands, and sometimes more than one actively migrating channel. They are most common where there are large amounts of glacially derived sands and gravel deposits to rework, often stored in the straths in high river terraces. Scotland has some amazing braided rivers (these have multiple threads of channels forming an almost fish-net style network of dividing and rejoining channels). Channels may form and be abandoned during floods. If there is a long time between big floods the river may gradually rework its gravels and adopt a more meandering path.
Wandering gravel bed river in the Southern Uplands (Photo SNH)
- Lake deltas:
deltas often form where rivers enter a loch, as a result of river flow slowing down and sediment being dropped into the loch water. The shape of the delta depends on how much sediment and how flashy the river flow regime is of river or burn entering the loch.
- Tributary river alluvial fans:
Alluvial fans often form where a side valley river meets a main valley and river. There is more sediment deposition than erosion on an alluvial fan. Alluvial fans are formed by the tributary river switching its channel path periodically over very long periods of time. Once the channel path becomes raised (due to sediment deposition) above the surrounding land, the river is more likely to switch direction and flow through the lower lying land.
River Quoich alluvial fan, where it joins the River Dee (photo SNH)